France

Observed situation for the week 15 of the year 2018, from 04/09/2018 to 04/15/2018 :

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• Influenza-like illness? : Low activity in general practice
  
  
  Clinical monitoring: in metropolitan France, last week (2018w15), the incidence rate of influenza-like illness seen in general practice was estimated at 30 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI [22 ; 38]).…
  Clinical monitoring: in metropolitan France, last week (2018w15), the incidence rate of influenza-like illness seen in general practice was estimated at 30 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI [22 ; 38]).
  At the regional level, the highest incidence rates were reported in: Pays de la Loire (44 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, 95% CI [0 ; 95]), Hauts-de-France (36, 95% CI [7 ; 65]) and Occitanie (35, 95% CI [12 ; 58]).
  The Sentinelles data are now integrated into an epidemic detection tool for influenza developed by ’Santé publique France’, combining information from primary care and hospital emergencies [1].
  For the last week (2018w15), the conclusions of the Santé publique France report are:
  " End of the epidemic in all regions in metropolitan France ".
  Vaccine effectiveness: available preliminary results have shown a 54% influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) (95%CI [29 ; 70]) in people from 65 years old and over, against all influenza viruses. VE was estimated to 40% (95%CI[0 ; 68]) among people below 65 years old with risk factors for influenza complications [2].
  Virological monitoring: since week 2017s40, date of start of monitoring, 2,735 samples were swabbed by Sentinelles network practitioners (1,937 by general practitionners and 798 by pediatricians), all samples have been tested.
  Last week 23 samples were realized and tested. Among them, 11 (47.8%) were positive for at least one influenza virus. The positivity rate slightly increases this week. The B(Yamagata) flu virus was predominant last week.
  The influenza viruses detected along the season were distributed as follows:
  - 697 (25.5%) A(H1N1)pdm09 virus,
  - 129  (4.7%) A(H3N2) virus,
  -  19  (0.7%) A unsubtyped virus,
  -   7  (0.3%) B/Victoria lineage virus,
  - 730 (26.7%) B/Yamagata lineage virus,
  -  13  (0.5%) B unknown lineage virus.
  Eight influenza A and B viruses co-infections have been observed over the entire virological surveillance period.
  The samples were also tested for three other respiratory viruses: the Respiratory SyncytialVirus (RSV), the Rhinovirus (HRV) and the Metapneumovirus (hMPV). Although circulation of these three viruses remains low, HRV was mainly detected this week.
  The samples were analyzed by the CNR (National Reference Centers) of respiratory infection viruses (coordinating center Institut Pasteur Paris, associated center ’Hospices civils de Lyon’), and the laboratory of Virology at the University of Corsica.
  Forecast: according to the forecast models based on historical data [3], and on medication deliveries (IQVIA research partnership) [4]. The activity of ILI should continue to decrease in the upcoming weeks.
  Santé publique France weekly influenza report (in french)
  
  [1] Pelat C. et al. Improving regional influenza surveillance through a combination of automated outbreak detection methods: the 2015/16 season in France. Euro Surveill. 2017;22(32):pii=30593.10.1016/j.cmi.2017.09.003.
  [2] Vilcu AM et al. Estimation of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness using data collected in primary care in France: comparison of the test-negative design and the screening method. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.09.003.
  [3] Viboud C, et al. Prediction of the spread of influenza epidemics by the method of analogues. Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Nov 15;158(10):996-1006.
  [4] Vergu E, et al. Medication sales and syndromic surveillance, France. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006. 12(3):416-21.
  More information about this surveillance
  
  
• Acute diarrhea? : Moderate activity in general practice
  
  
  In metropolitan France, last week (2018w15), the incidence rate of Acute diarrhea seen in general practice was estimated at 128 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI [111 ; 145]), below the epidemic threshold (139 cases per 100,000 inhabitants) [1].…
  In metropolitan France, last week (2018w15), the incidence rate of Acute diarrhea seen in general practice was estimated at 128 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI [111 ; 145]), below the epidemic threshold (139 cases per 100,000 inhabitants) [1].
  At the regional level, the highest incidence rates were noted in: Bretagne (208 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, 95% CI [112 ; 304]), Grand Est (154, 95% CI [102 ; 206]) and Occitanie (134, 95% CI [80 ; 188]).
  Santé publique France weekly gastroenteritis (in french)
  
  [1] Costagliola D, et al. A routine tool for detection and assessment of epidemics of influenza-like syndromes in France. Am J Public Health. 1991;81(1):97-9.
  More information about this surveillance
  
  
• Chickenpox? : Moderate activity in general practice
  
  
  In metropolitan France, last week (2018w15), the incidence rate of Chickenpox seen in general practice was estimated at 30 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI [22 ; 38]).…
  In metropolitan France, last week (2018w15), the incidence rate of Chickenpox seen in general practice was estimated at 30 cases per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI [22 ; 38]).
  Five regional clusters were reported, high in Hauts-de-France (54 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, 95% CI [16 ; 92]), Pays de la Loire (47, 95% CI [14 ; 80]) and Occitanie (41, 95% CI [15 ; 67]) and moderate in Ile-de-France (38, 95% CI [11 ; 65]) and Normandie (37, 95% CI [0 ; 76]).
  More information about this surveillance